2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W015883R
    Fumaric acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
    Fumaric acid (Standard)
  • HY-107744
    Nalmefene
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders.
    Nalmefene
  • HY-137506
    XST-14
    		Inhibitor 99.26%
    XST-14 is a potent, competitive and highly selective ULK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26.6 nM. XST-14 induces autophagy inhibition by reducing the phosphorylation of the ULK1 downstream substrate. XST-14 induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and has antitumor effects.
    XST-14
  • HY-N2420
    Flavokawain A
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Flavokawain A is a chalcone compound and an orally active inhibitor of PRMT5 and cytochrome P450. Flavokawain A has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Flavokawain A can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Flavokawain A can be used in the research of diseases such as bladder cancer.
    Flavokawain A
  • HY-113236
    p-Synephrine
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    p-Synephrine is an orally active alkaloid dietary supplement without indirect sympathomimetic activity or cardiovascular stimulatory activity. p-Synephrine stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and mediates Glut4 translocation to increase glucose consumption and lactate production in skeletal muscle cells. p-Synephrine also downregulates the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production and alter oxidative metabolism. p-Synephrine exhibits low subchronic toxicity in mice. p-Synephrine can be applied to research related to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
    p-Synephrine
  • HY-148065
    FMF-06-098-1
    		Inhibitor 98.77%
    FMF-06-098-1 is a multi-target kinase PROTAC degrader. FMF-06-098-1 can be used to target degradation kinases which degrades AAK1, AΒL2, AURKA, AURKB, BUBIB, CDC7, CDK1, CDK12, CDK13, CDK2, CDK4, CDk6, CDK7, CDK9, CHEK1, CSNKID, EPHA1, PER, FGFR1, GAK, IRAK4, ITK, LIMK2, MAP4K2, MAP4K3, MAPK6, MAPK7, MARK4, MELK, PKN3, PLK4, PRKAA1, PTK2, PTK6, RPS6KA4, S1K2, STK35, TNK2, UHMK1, ULK1, and WEE1.
    FMF-06-098-1
  • HY-N0924
    (±)-Stylopine
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    (±)-Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine) is an alkaloid compound. (±)-Stylopine can be isolated from the tubers of the plant Corydalis. (±)-Stylopine inhibits TNF-α, IL-6, and NO production, and attenuates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2. (±)-Stylopine inhibits NF-κB expression. (±)-Stylopine exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. (±)-Stylopine has protective effects against foot edema, gastric ulcers, anxiety, depression, and acute lung injury.
    (±)-Stylopine
  • HY-108642
    AMG-548
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    AMG-548, an orally active and selective p38α inhibitor (Ki=0.5 nM), shows slightly selective over p38β (Ki=36 nM) and >1000 fold selective against p38γ and p38δ. AMG 548 is also extremely potent in the inhibition of whole blood LPS stimulated TNFα (IC50=3 nM). AMG-548 inhibits Wnt signaling by directly inhibiting Casein kinase 1 isoforms δ and ε.
    AMG-548
  • HY-135674
    SR-318
    		Inhibitor 98.17%
    SR-318, a chemical probe, is a potent and highly selective p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 5 nM, 32 nM and 6.11 μM for p38α, p38β and p38α/β, respectively. SR-318 potently inhibits the TNF-α release in whole blood with an IC50 of 283 nM. SR-318 has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.
    SR-318
  • HY-N0311
    Emodin-8-glucoside
    		Inhibitor 99.35%
    Emodin-8-glucoside is an anthraquinone derivative that can be isolated from Aloe vera. Emodin-8-glucoside is the inhibitor for MAPK with an inhibition constant of 430.14 pM. Emodin-8-glucoside exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase (ALAR) and topoisomerases II with IC50s of 14.4 μM and 66 μM. Emodin-8-glucoside exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Emodin-8-glucoside can cross the blood brain barrier.
    Emodin-8-glucoside
  • HY-N0631
    Cornuside
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside with anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Cornuside exerts anti-allergic activity by downregulating the p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release from mast cells. Cornuside improves cognitive impairment in mice by inhibiting BACE1 activity (IC50 = 55.84 μg/mL) and enhancing ChAT activity. Cornuside inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by suppressing NF-κB activation.
    Cornuside
  • HY-101318
    β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.07%
    β-Funaltrexamine (β-FNA) hydrochloride is a blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective and irreversible μ-opioid receptor antagonist with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride inhibits p38 MAPK and TLR4 signaling by blocking μ-opioid receptors, and reduces the transcriptional activities of NF-κB, AP-1, CREB and Stat. Furthermore, β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride inhibits iNOS activation and pro-inflammatory microglial polarization, converting microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby downregulating neuroinflammation and ameliorating neuronal degeneration. β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride is widely applicable to research related to stroke, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
    β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride
  • HY-N7046
    Silybin B
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity.
    Silybin B
  • HY-N7128
    Flavanone
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    Flavanone is a naturally occurring flavone. Flavanone has inhibitory activity for human estrogen synthetase (aromatase). Flavanone is the inhibitor for ERK/p38/NF-κB signaling pathway. Flavanone exhibits oral activity and antitumor efficacy.
    Flavanone
  • HY-B0188
    Mianserin
    		Inhibitor 99.42%
    Mianserin (Mianserine) is an orally active H1 receptor antagonist. Mianserin can activate κ-opioid receptor and octopamine receptor. Mianserin increases ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, and antagonizes full κ-opioid agonist and Dynorphin A (HY-P1333)-induced MAPK phosphorylation. Mianserin modulates social and exploratory behaviour, raises electroconvulsive thresholds. Mianserin can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as depression and epilepsy.
    Mianserin
  • HY-129139
    Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside
    		Inhibitor
    Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside is a p38 MAPK phosphorylation inhibitor. Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside reduces the expression of VDAC1, inhibits mtROS accumulation, reverses cellular senescence, blocks excessive mitochondrial calcium influx, reduces the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and suppresses the VDAC1-IP3R1 interaction. Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside activates hair follicle stem cell proliferation and improves the condition of slowed hair growth. Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside is applicable to research related to colon cancer and androgenetic alopecia.
    Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside
  • HY-W004486
    Gallic aldehyde
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Gallic aldehyde (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde) is a phenolic aldehyde. Gallic aldehyde can be isolated from Geum japonicum. Gallic aldehyde inhibits the gelatinolytic activity and expression of MMP-9. Gallic aldehyde also inhibits ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. Gallic aldehyde has potent anti-HSV-1 and antioxidant activities. Gallic aldehyde also exhibits antibacterial activity against Oenococcus oeni VF.
    Gallic aldehyde
  • HY-N5084
    Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside
    		Inhibitor 98.92%
    Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside is a TRPV1 antagonist and HDAC7 inhibitor. Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside blocks TRPV1-mediated calcium influx, suppresses phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, p38, JNK, and ERK1/2, inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside reduces production and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside exhibits potent analgesic activity, elevates thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold in murine models. Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside restores CD8+ T cell infiltration into bladder cancer tumors and improves bladder cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside can be used for the researches of painand bladder cancer.
    Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-147972
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.71%
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 11a) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows inhibitory activity against NO production, with an IC50 of 6.96 µM. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 suppresses LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, ERΚ and P38 signaling activation. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can prevent LPS induced inflammatory response in macrophages. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
  • HY-N1966
    (E)-Osmundacetone
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    (E)-Osmundacetone is an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway. (E)-Osmundacetone inhibits the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and restores the expression of PPARα/ACOX1. (E)-Osmundacetone abrogates abnormal cell proliferation, migration and liver metastasis induced by PTPRO silencing in colorectal cancer cells. (E)-Osmundacetone blocks OA-RD17-mediated activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing macrophage proliferation and migration. (E)-Osmundacetone is applicable to relevant research on colorectal cancer.
    (E)-Osmundacetone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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